Igipimo cy’ibicuruzwa byabyimbye hamwe n’ibura rya kontineri byabaye ikibazo ku isi hose guhagarika imiyoboro itangwa mu nganda.Mu mezi atandatu cyangwa umunani ashize, ibiciro byo kohereza ibicuruzwa mumihanda itwara abantu byanyuze hejuru yinzu.Ibi byagize ingaruka zingirakamaro kumikorere ninganda zifatanije, nk'imodoka, inganda mubindi.
Kugira ngo ingaruka zigabanuka, umuntu akeneye gusuzuma impamvu zingenzi zitera izamuka ridasanzwe ry’ibiciro by’imizigo ku isi
Icyorezo cya COVID-19
Inganda zitwara abantu zabaye imwe mu mirenge yibasiwe cyane n’icyorezo cya Covid-19.Ubwa mbere, ibihugu byose bikomeye bitanga peteroli byagabanije cyane umusaruro kubera icyorezo, cyateje ubusumbane bw’ibicuruzwa bivamo igitutu cy’ibiciro.Mugihe ibiciro bya peteroli byazamutse hafi US $ 35 kuri barrale kugeza vuba aha, kuri ubu, birenga US $ 55 kuri barrale.
Icya kabiri, kwiyongera kw'ibicuruzwa no kubura ibikoresho birimo ubusa ni indi mpamvu yo kugabura bigenda nabi kandi ari nabyo byatumye ibiciro by'imizigo bizamuka cyane.Hamwe n'icyorezo cyahagaritse umusaruro mu gice cya mbere cya 2020, amasosiyete yagombaga kongera ingufu mu nganda kugira ngo ashobore gukenera ikirere.Hamwe n’ibihano bifitanye isano n’ibyorezo bihungabanya inganda z’indege, habaye igitutu kinini cyubatswe ku nyanja zohereza ibicuruzwa.Ibi na byo byagize ingaruka ku gihe cyo guhinduranya ibintu.
Gukomeza kwishingikiriza kubyoherejwe
Abacuruzi bacuruza ibicuruzwa bakoresheje byimazeyo ibicuruzwa byoherejwe mumyaka myinshi kubera impamvu nyinshi.Ubwa mbere ibicuruzwa bigomba gutorwa mububiko ahantu hatandukanye.Icyakabiri, kumena gahunda murwego rwoherejwe, cyane cyane niba ari mubyiciro bitandukanye birashobora gufasha kongera umuvuduko wo gutanga.Icya gatatu, hamwe nicyumba kidahagije ku gikamyo kimwe cyangwa indege yoherejwe byose, birashobora kugabanywa mubisanduku byihariye kandi bigatwarwa ukundi.Ibicuruzwa byoherejwe bibaho ku rugero runini mugihe cyo kwambukiranya igihugu cyangwa kohereza ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga.
Byongeye kandi, abakiriya basaba kohereza ibicuruzwa ahantu henshi barashobora kandi gushishikarizwa kohereza ibicuruzwa.Uko ibicuruzwa byinshi, niko ibiciro byoherezwa byiyongera, niyo mpamvu inzira irangira ari ibintu bihenze kandi akenshi byangiza ibidukikije.
Brexit yongerera ibiciro ibicuruzwa biva mu Bwongereza no kuva
Usibye icyorezo, Brexit yateje amakimbirane menshi ku mipaka, bitewe n'ikiguzi cyo kohereza ibicuruzwa mu gihugu no kuva mu gihugu cyazamutse cyane.Hamwe na Brexit, Ubwongereza bwagombaga kureka inkunga nyinshi yabonaga munsi y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi.Hamwe no kohereza ibicuruzwa mu Bwongereza no kuva mu Bwongereza ubu bifatwa nko koherezwa ku isi, hamwe n’icyorezo kigora urunigi rw’ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa biva mu Bwongereza biva mu Bwongereza bimaze kwikuba kane.
Byongeye kandi, ubushyamirane ku mipaka bwanatumye ibigo bitwara ibicuruzwa byanga amasezerano byari byumvikanyweho mbere bivuze ko amasosiyete agerageza gutwara ibicuruzwa byabaye ngombwa ko yishyura ibiciro byiyongereye.
Igipimo cy’imizigo ku isi cyarushijeho kwiyongera bitewe n'iri terambere.
Ibicuruzwa biva mu Bushinwa
Usibye izo mpamvu zavuzwe haruguru, indi mpamvu nyamukuru itera ibi biciro byazamutse ni ugukenera cyane kontineri mu Bushinwa.Ubushinwa n’uruganda runini ku isi hari byinshi biterwa n’ibihugu by’iburengerazuba nka Amerika n’Uburayi ku Bushinwa ku bicuruzwa bitandukanye.Kubwibyo ibihugu byiteguye kugabanya kabiri cyangwa gatatu igiciro cyo kugura ibicuruzwa mubushinwa.Mugihe rero kuboneka kwa kontineri byagabanutse cyane binyuze mu cyorezo harakenewe cyane kontineri mubushinwa kandi ibiciro byubwikorezi nabyo biri hejuru cyane.Ibi kandi byagize uruhare runini mu kuzamura ibiciro.
Ibindi bintu mubihe byubu
Usibye ingingo zimaze kuvugwa, hari abatari bake bazwi batanga umusanzu ku bicuruzwa biri hejuru y’ibicuruzwa.Ibibazo by'itumanaho bituruka ku gutandukana kumunota wanyuma cyangwa guhagarika mubihe biriho nimwe mumpamvu izamuka ryibiciro byimizigo.Na none, urwego rwo gutwara abantu, kimwe nizindi nganda, rukunda kugira ingaruka mbi mugihe ibigo bifata ingamba zikomeye.Rero, iyo abayobozi b'isoko (abatwara abantu benshi) bahisemo kongera ibiciro byabo kugirango bagarure igihombo, igiciro rusange cyisoko nacyo kirazamuka.
Inganda zirashobora gukoresha ingamba nyinshi zo gushyira igenzura ku izamuka ry’ibicuruzwa.Guhindura umunsi cyangwa igihe cyo kohereza no gutwara muminsi 'ituje' nko kuwa mbere cyangwa kuwagatanu, aho kuba kuwakane usanzwe uteganijwe kuko abantu benshi bashobora kugabanya ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa 15-20% buri mwaka.
Isosiyete irashobora gutegura mbere yo gukina no kohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi icyarimwe aho kubitanga kugiti cye.Ibi birashobora gufasha ibigo kubona kugabanyirizwa hamwe nubundi buryo butangwa namasosiyete atwara ibicuruzwa byinshi.Gupakira birenze bishobora kongera ibiciro byoherejwe, usibye kwangiza ibidukikije muri rusange.Kubwibyo ibigo bigomba kureba kubyirinda.Byongeye kandi, ibigo bito bigomba gushaka serivisi zabafatanyabikorwa mu bwikorezi bwoherejwe kubyohereza kuko outsourcing ishobora kubafasha kwibanda kubikorwa byabo byingenzi.
Niki cyakorwa kugirango bahangane n'izamuka ry'ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa?
Gutegura Imbere
Bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kurwanya ibyo biciro biri hejuru y’imizigo ni ugutegura mbere yo kohereza.Ibiciro by'imizigo biriyongera buri munsi.Kugira ngo wirinde kwishyura amafaranga yiyongereye no kubona inyoni hakiri kare, ibigo bigomba gutegura ingamba zo kohereza hakiri kare.Ibi birashobora kubafasha kuzigama umubare utari muto wigiciro & kubafasha kwirinda gutinda.Gukoresha urubuga rwa digitale kugirango ukoreshe amakuru yamateka kubiciro byubwikorezi kugirango utegure ibiciro kimwe nibigenda bigira ingaruka kubiciro nabyo biza bikenewe mugihe uteganya mbere yo koherezwa.
Guharanira gukorera mu mucyo
Ni digitisation ishobora gutangiza impinduka zifatika mubikorwa byo kohereza no gutanga ibikoresho.Kugeza ubu, harabura kubura kugaragara no gukorera mu mucyo hagati yabakinnyi ba ecosystem.Kongera rero guhimba inzira, kubara ibikorwa bisangiwe no gushyira mubikorwa ikorana buhanga birashobora gukora neza no kugabanya ibiciro byubucuruzi.Usibye kubaka imbaraga zo gutanga amasoko, bizafasha inganda muri banki kubushishozi buyobowe namakuru, bityo bifashe abakinnyi gufata ibyemezo byuzuye.Inganda rero, zikeneye guhuza tekinoloji zizana impinduka zifatika muburyo ikora nubucuruzi.
Inkomoko: CNBC TV18
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-07-2021